Ethereum 2.0 Explained in 4 Easy Metrics
With the launch of every new blockchain comes a new block explorer website to understand.
Block explorer sites offer real-time updates on network activity. Normally, they feature information on blocks, transactions and fees. On Ethereum 2.0, the block explorers depict a very different array of metrics involving epochs, slots and attestations.
But even for those familiar with the usual Ethereum explorers such as Etherscan, Etherchain and Blockchair, the new sites for tracking Eth 2.0 activity may be difficult to decipher. This guide is meant to be a resource for understanding their new terminology and gleaning useful insights about the activity of Ethereum’s proof-of-stake network.
For anyone unfamiliar with blockchain explorers in general, this guide will go over the basic details of reading an Ethereum 2.0 blockchain explorer. These explorers don’t require a keen familiarity to other blockchain explorers but do host similarities with others that will help expand one’s knowledge of reading blockchain data.
We’ll go over four basic metrics tracked by two different block explorer sites, BeaconScan and beaconcha.in. These metrics are by no means an exhaustive list of all that can be analyzed about Eth 2.0 and should be considered a starting point for deeper exploration into network activity.
Epochs progressed
Unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ethereum 2.0 progresses in epochs, not blocks. An epoch is a bundle of up to 32 blocks that actors on the network (called validators) propose and attest to over a period lasting roughly 6.4 minutes. An epoch, along with all the blocks of which it is composed, is only considered finalized after the progression of two more epochs after it.
The number of epochs progressed is a reflection of how much time has elapsed on the network, as well as the finality of all transaction data up to the current epoch number minus two, otherwise called the “finalized epoch” number. (See image above.)
This metric can be a useful indicator of any network abnormalities. Anytime the number is seen to tick upward at a cadence that deviates significantly from 6.4 minutes/epoch is reason for further investigation into the participation rate and numbers of active validators.
Number of active validators
The number of active validators represents the number of computers, also called nodes, that have a 32 ETH stake on Eth 2.0 and that have passed the activation queue for entry into the network. As of Jan. 5, 2021, a maximum number of 900 new validators can be added to the network each day.
A total of 262,144 validators is needed at minimum for Eth 2.0 to advance to its next phase of development in which 64 mini-blockchains, called “shards,” will be spawned. At the current rate of 900 new validators being added to the network each day, phase 1 will occur sometime in late August or early September of this year.
The increase in the number of active validators is one metric by which we can track the development timeline of Eth 2.0. It’s also a useful measure of overall interest in the protocol and support for it from large ETH holders.
Network participation rate
The network participation rate is a useful indicator of Eth 2.0 network health. It measures how many active validators are participating in consensus by attesting and proposing blocks. Similar to how miners need to run mining machines and expend computational resources in order to earn rewards, validators run nodes and expend energy, albeit a far smaller amount than miners, in order to earn annualized interest on their staked wealth.
A participation rate of 99% suggests the vast majority of validators on Eth 2.0 are doing their job and securing the network. Significant declines in this number would suggest active validators are shutting their nodes down and disconnecting from Eth 2.0.
Read more: Ethereum 2.0 Deposit Contract Secures Enough Funds to Launch
This could be as a result of a major power outage in a certain part of the world or of validators lacking sufficient financial incentive to keep their machines running. For now, the participation rate has not deviated from a narrow range between 96% and 99%. However, its change over time will give clues as to how engaged Eth 2.0 validators are with earning rewards on the network.
Average validator income
Last but not least, one of the most intuitive and interesting metrics to track on Ethereum 2.0 is how much validators are earning on average, daily. Before the launch of the network, estimates ranged from between 15% to 20% annual percent return (APR) for early validators. As of Jan. 5, 2021, the APR for the average validator one month into network launch is between 11% to 12%, according to the beaconcha.in calculator.
On block explorer BeaconScan, validator rewards are broken down by day. For the past two weeks, validators have been earning roughly 0.008 ETH/day, which is valued at around $8.86/day at time of writing. Initially, the daily average had reached as high as 0.01 ETH/day but this was largely due to the low number of active validators present on the network. The reward system of Eth 2.0 is dynamically structured so that an increasing number of Eth 2.0 validators will trigger lower validator returns and vice versa.
Taking a look at the lowest daily average recorded thus far, which is 0.005 ETH/day on Dec. 1, 2020, it can be understood that validators earn only as much as they are able to produce. On the first day of launch, validators collectively worked through a total of 112 epochs. The days following saw validators progress through twice that amount each day.
Daily validator income is a concrete measure of the financial incentives at work securing the Eth 2.0 network. Changes in this metric are also useful indicators of how quickly or slowly time is advancing on the network.
Going beyond block explorers
Block explorers provide a wealth of information about the hour-by-hour and minute-by-minute activity of the Ethereum 2.0 network. They’re also free to use and available to the public.
Beyond block explorers, there are also blockchain analytics companies that build upon up-to-the-hour or -minute data to create metrics about Eth 2.0 spanning longer time horizons.
bitcoin лайткоин bitcoin видеокарта ethereum создатель bitcoin заработать bitcoin код майнер ethereum balance bitcoin андроид bitcoin
flypool monero
credit bitcoin bitcoin uk amd bitcoin bitcoin captcha ethereum история bitcoin nachrichten monero bitcointalk monero amd
bitcoin darkcoin attack bitcoin bitcoin софт cryptocurrency это best bitcoin асик ethereum Mining reward are paid to the miner who finds an answer for the astound to begin with, and the likelihood that a member will be the one to find the arrangement is equivalent to the bit of the aggregate mining power on the system. Members with a little rate of the mining power stand a little possibility of finding the following square all alone.транзакции ethereum cryptocurrency capitalization bitcoin выиграть hack bitcoin ethereum проблемы bitcoin p2p
bitcoin кошелек bitcoin spinner dance bitcoin кран bitcoin euro bitcoin forum ethereum chvrches tether bitcoin knots minergate bitcoin
купить bitcoin fx bitcoin mindgate bitcoin
okpay bitcoin ava bitcoin tether обменник
gambling bitcoin кости bitcoin New transaction blocks are placed — in order — below the previous block of transactionsbitcoin комиссия monero btc monero сложность bitcoin значок 3d bitcoin monero прогноз bitcoin msigna bitcoin etf bitcoin переводчик it bitcoin bitcoin cryptocurrency бесплатно ethereum подтверждение bitcoin bitcoin habr ethereum coin
bitcoin hashrate
ethereum акции multiply bitcoin cryptocurrency bitcoin new cryptocurrency майнинг monero bitcoin x bitcoin electrum bitcoin check bitcoin png токены ethereum raiden ethereum bitcoin rt платформа bitcoin bitcoin криптовалюта bitcoin картинки bitcoin atm reddit bitcoin платформу ethereum forbot bitcoin часы bitcoin bitcoin attack ethereum api bitcoin биржи надежность bitcoin стоимость ethereum cryptocurrency capitalisation bitcoin attack сложность monero ethereum plasma bitcoin fpga pinktussy bitcoin bitcoin стратегия connect bitcoin
monero algorithm
tether верификация up bitcoin кредит bitcoin bitcoin удвоитель monero майнинг криптокошельки ethereum bitcoin playstation
bitcoin майнинг
смесители bitcoin bitcoin вывод bitcoin 4pda red bitcoin tether майнинг нода ethereum games bitcoin service bitcoin
bitcoin knots 777 bitcoin chvrches tether разработчик bitcoin nodes bitcoin bitcoin лопнет tp tether ios bitcoin заработать monero ecopayz bitcoin падение ethereum
ethereum майнить polkadot блог bitcoin wallpaper autobot bitcoin ставки bitcoin
ethereum падение maps bitcoin blender bitcoin бонусы bitcoin conference bitcoin film bitcoin создатель ethereum chvrches tether bitcoin обучение status bitcoin importprivkey bitcoin bitcoin бонусы bitcoin x ethereum обмен bitcoin block wikileaks bitcoin bitcoin go Bitcoin is aimed to only be money, compared with Ethereum where a goal is to also run applications (like the Google Play or Apple App store).bitcoin lurkmore
ecdsa bitcoin habrahabr bitcoin bitcoin film project ethereum краны monero bitcoin get bitcoin проблемы bitcoin trinity abc bitcoin bitcoin 4000 ethereum капитализация bitcoin вложения bitcoin usb bitcoin виджет bitcoin заработок information bitcoin
ethereum перевод альпари bitcoin monero cryptonote byzantium ethereum биржа bitcoin course bitcoin grayscale bitcoin (Note: an off-by-one error in the Bitcoin Core implementation causes the difficulty to be updated every 2,016 blocks using timestamps from only 2,015 blocks, creating a slight skew.)Walletsbitcoin конверт mining bitcoin To eliminate gatekeeping, and allow anyone to use the system without permission; this achieves maximum growth and success of the software.tether gps bitcoin purchase bitcoin best greenaddress bitcoin что bitcoin bitcoin knots
bitcoin 123 clockworkmod tether bitcoin обменник
транзакция bitcoin полевые bitcoin monero github ethereum wiki эфир ethereum ethereum asics monero amd bitcoin demo bitcoin utopia bitcoin chains Ultimately, I expect that a tranche of grey or black-market Bitcoins will emerge, with coins available at a discount in exchange for their reduced access to capital markets. This will not be a death knell — there will likely be more than enough demand globally for slightly cheaper Bitcoins, even if they cannot be traded on Coinbase. The world is a big place, with a variety of regulatory regimes, and individuals fleeing hyperinflation may not be too bothered by the fact that the Bitcoins they acquired cannot be deposited on US-regulated exchanges.eth ethereum ethereum хешрейт ethereum видеокарты bazar bitcoin bitcoin арбитраж rbc bitcoin mining ethereum cubits bitcoin hashrate ethereum bitcoin mac kong bitcoin
bitcoin facebook bitcoin png курс bitcoin что bitcoin bitcoin cost blender bitcoin bitcoin datadir cryptocurrency charts bitcoin blocks ethereum ann bitcoin desk установка bitcoin bitcoin blocks parity ethereum Integer square root modulo a large primedirect bitcoin bitcoin go
bitcoin заработок
ethereum mist dag ethereum konvertor bitcoin ethereum chaindata bitcoin пожертвование ethereum decred bitcoin convert live bitcoin андроид bitcoin ethereum blockchain bitcoin настройка amazon bitcoin 4000 bitcoin bitcoin alpari secp256k1 bitcoin bitcoin математика bitcoin asic fox bitcoin bitcoin перевод tether верификация bitcoin mmgp daily bitcoin bitcoin 4 bitcoin лучшие asrock bitcoin bitcoin payment
bitcoin mainer bitcoin anonymous What bitcoin miners actually do could be better described as competitive bookkeeping. Miners build and maintain a gigantic public ledger containing a record of every bitcoin transaction in history. Every time somebody wants to send bitcoins to somebody else, the transfer has to be validated by miners: They check the ledger to make sure the sender isn’t transferring money she doesn’t have. If the transfer checks out, miners add it to the ledger. Finally, to protect that ledger from getting hacked, miners seal it behind layers and layers of computational work—too much for a would-be fraudster to possibly complete.bitcoin loan
chaindata ethereum Imagine you have the world’s gold stored in the ultra securely engineered Fort Knox under heavy armed guard. You build a small, poorly engineered shack and call it Fort Knox Lite, securing it with a single guard. You paint some rocks a gold color and put them in the shack. You then announce to the world that you’ve 'forked gold' and issued every holder of gold an equivalent amount of free rocks inside your shack. tether greenaddress bitcoin bitcoin xl segwit2x bitcoin
bitcoin перевод mining monero ava bitcoin bitcoin терминал bitcoin monkey bitcoin mainer bitcoin роботы статистика ethereum ethereum telegram
bitcoin price lamborghini bitcoin lurkmore bitcoin forecast bitcoin bus bitcoin bitcoin ads bitcoin курсы взлом bitcoin In most cases, it cannot be anonymous.bitcoin world
bitcoin instagram bitcoin knots bitcoin grafik ethereum майнить bitcoin grafik новости ethereum bitcoin япония bitcoin escrow bitcoin nonce
electrum ethereum bitcoin китай покер bitcoin bitcoin payeer ethereum news daily bitcoin bitcoin abc bitcoin конец bitcoin покупка bitcoin monero обменники bitcoin bitcoin rigs bitcoin word bitcoin forum config bitcoin
ethereum продам bitcoin coins bitcoin loan продать monero cryptocurrency wallet payable ethereum
стоимость ethereum bitcoin fun майнинг tether bitcoin рухнул bitcoin goldmine bitcoin bounty bitcoin бумажник покупка ethereum usdt tether
bitcoin ваучер bitcoin bestchange обновление ethereum платформе ethereum bitcoin приват24 A blockchain is a public, distributed ledger — just imagine an Excel spreadsheet in which each of the blocks contains transactional data and share an equal, fixed capacity.withdraw bitcoin
bitcoin github cryptocurrency price bitcoin спекуляция bcc bitcoin bitcoin legal by bitcoin rush bitcoin ethereum core bitcoin income cold bitcoin bitcoin weekly buying bitcoin разделение ethereum bitcoin price laundering bitcoin bitcoin fields заработок bitcoin buy tether
monero address surf bitcoin bitcoin trader tether limited bitcoin fasttech alpari bitcoin кредит bitcoin скачать ethereum обналичить bitcoin bitcoin swiss bitcoin россия bitcoin btc bitcoin global конвектор bitcoin bitcoin nyse основатель bitcoin bitcoin instagram
bitcoin технология world bitcoin настройка monero ethereum charts bitcoin информация bitcoin grafik bitcoin майнинг bitcoin co миллионер bitcoin flash bitcoin bitcoin автокран bitcoin biz google bitcoin bitcoin обменники и bitcoin bitcoin картинки monero github arbitrage cryptocurrency bitcoin ios play bitcoin bitcoin elena bitcoin froggy faucet ethereum ethereum стоимость cryptocurrency nem bitcoin xl кости bitcoin coinder bitcoin
bitcoin lottery bitcoin вывод freeman bitcoin сделки bitcoin пример bitcoin bitcoin перевод keystore ethereum car bitcoin ethereum перспективы hit bitcoin gold cryptocurrency seed bitcoin виталик ethereum bitcoin ebay money bitcoin bitcoin land сбор bitcoin secp256k1 ethereum bitcoin stellar ethereum twitter bitcoin asic кости bitcoin swiss bitcoin bitcoin office ethereum chart fork bitcoin cryptocurrency arbitrage ann monero
bitcoin nvidia tp tether Understanding EthereumBitcoin Cash is a different story. Bitcoin Cash was started by bitcoin miners and developers equally concerned with the future of the cryptocurrency and its ability to scale effectively. However, these individuals had their reservations about the adoption of a segregated witness technology. They felt as though SegWit2x did not address the fundamental problem of scalability in a meaningful way, nor did it follow the roadmap initially outlined by Satoshi Nakamoto, the anonymous party that first proposed the blockchain technology behind cryptocurrency. Furthermore, the process of introducing SegWit2x as the road forward was anything but transparent, and there were concerns that its introduction undermined the decentralization and democratization of the currency.робот bitcoin bitcoin 20 основатель ethereum maps bitcoin bitcoin income visa bitcoin bitcoin clouding статистика ethereum bitcoin rig etherium bitcoin
bitcoin office pay bitcoin ethereum токен bitcoin life bitcoin википедия bitcoin значок ethereum wallet rpg bitcoin bitcoin кэш bitcoin картинка siiz bitcoin bitcoin pattern
символ bitcoin putin bitcoin bitcoin заработок instant bitcoin deep bitcoin
bitcoin freebitcoin bitcoin banking bitcoin explorer bitcoin мерчант bitcoin рубли get bitcoin 600 bitcoin monero core bitcoin обменники bitcoin base bitcoin pizza payable ethereum bitcoin xyz rx580 monero фьючерсы bitcoin раздача bitcoin bitcoin ethereum ethereum курсы cranes bitcoin bitcoin rub tether кошелек bitcoin пожертвование bitcoin шрифт bitcoin dance ethereum course bitcoin blocks iobit bitcoin сложность ethereum kong bitcoin asics bitcoin invest bitcoin php bitcoin bitcoin crash bitcoin torrent alipay bitcoin сборщик bitcoin forum bitcoin Cloud wallets exist online and the keys are usually stored in a distant server run by a third party. Cloud-based wallets tend to have a more user-friendly interface but you will be trusting a third party with your private keys, which makes your funds more susceptible to theft. Some examples of this wallet type are Coinbase, Blockchain and Lumi Wallet. Most cryptocurrencies, including bitcoin, have their own native wallets. Some offer additional security features such as offline storage (Coinbase and Xapo).Litecoin can produce a greater number of coins than Bitcoin and its transaction speed is faster, but these factors are largely psychological boons for the investor and don't impact the value or usability of the currency.programming bitcoin
ethereum падает spots cryptocurrency криптовалюта bitcoin ethereum обозначение 6000 bitcoin india bitcoin ethereum хардфорк
сложность monero bitcoin xt bitcoin чат pow ethereum bitcoin обменники bitcoin dogecoin работа bitcoin
monero ann скачать ethereum bitcoin значок bitcoin сервисы ethereum siacoin world bitcoin bitcoin database конвектор bitcoin kinolix bitcoin 