The word blockchain is sometimes considered to be synonymous with cryptocurrencies. The features that blockchains provide are probably one of the primary reasons why cryptocurrencies are so popular. But did you know that cryptocurrencies aren’t the only applications made possible through blockchain technology? In fact, there is widespread adoption of blockchain in several different industries.
The following article will cover some of the most popular blockchain applications, beyond just cryptocurrencies.
We’ll cover the following topics:
What is blockchain?
Blockchain Applications
Blockchain in supply chain management
Blockchain in cybersecurity
Blockchain in voting
Blockchain in financial services
Blockchain in the loyalty referral program
Blockchain in music
Blockchain in weapon tracking
Now, before we go into some blockchain applications, let’s have a look at what exactly blockchain is.
What is Blockchain?
Blockchain is a list of records or “blocks” that stores data publicly and in chronological order. The data—the records within these blocks—are secured using cryptography and don’t have a central authority controlling them. Everyone within the network has access to these blocks and has copies of it; but once something is recorded into the blockchain, the data cannot be altered. Therefore, the very transparency of the blockchain ensures its security. While some argue that the technology is still in a hype cycle, other research indicates that Blockchain is starting to take off in businesses. According to IDC, corporate and government spending on Blockchain technology is expected to jump 89% percent over 2018 numbers, hitting almost $3 billion in 2019. This number is estimated to reach more than $12 billion by 2022, which means there will be plenty of demand for blockchain experts. Let’s look a how blockchain is already showing up in a few industries.
So, now that you know what a blockchain is, let’s go into some blockchain applications. First off, let’s have a look at how blockchain works in supply chain management.
Offer Expires In
00 :
HRS
45 :
MIN
26
SEC
Blockchain Interview Guide
The Perfect Guide to Help You Ace Your InterviewDOWNLOAD NOWBlockchain Interview Guide
Blockchain Applications
1. Blockchain in Supply Chain Management
Imagine you’ve ordered some apples from an online shop. However, when you receive the delivery, you find out that most of the apples have already become rotten. Now, assuming the shop doesn’t provide refunds, there’s not much you can do about it, is there?
But what if there was a way that this whole thing could have been avoided?
Such problems can be avoided with blockchain technology, as it facilitates traceability across the entire supply chain. Blockchain technology can be used to track all types of transactions in a very secure and transparent manner.
These benefits include:
blockchain-benefits
Let’s have a look at an example of supply chain management:
farm-storage
In supply chain management, blockchain provides permanent record-keeping, transparency, and validation of transactions shared by multiple supply chain partners. With this, anyone can verify the authenticity or status of the product being delivered.
Now, let’s have a look at a real-life example of this blockchain application:
walmart
Walmart is building a blockchain distributed ledger in order to connect and track pork suppliers, shippers, purchasers, and others involved in delivering the food product around China. Here, blockchain reduces the risk of data tampering or inaccuracy.
2. Blockchain in Cyber Security
Imagine person A is sending 20 dollars to B. Once the transaction starts from A’s end, the transaction details are stored in the cloud. Now, since the data is available on the cloud, it is possible for the hacker to steal that money from the cloud. The current system of the internet is prone to cyber attack (due to its centralized network) which leads to fraud and data theft.
How would things be different with blockchain?
Here are some cybersecurity advantages of adopting blockchain:
cybersecurity advantages
Let’s have a look at how this same transaction would be performed using blockchain.
Again, A is sending 0.0025 bitcoin, or BTC (approximately equivalent to 20 dollars) to B. This time, the transaction is recorded into a blockchain. Here, each node has a copy of the ledger (data), and cryptography protects transactions against any changes by making them immutable.
Now, were a hacker trying to hack in the blockchain, his efforts would be in vain. Using blockchain, it’s easy to prevent malicious attacks due to the peer-to-peer connections where data cannot be altered or tampered.
Let’s have a look at a real-life application of this blockchain application. Mastercard is using blockchain for sending and receiving money. Also, it allows exchanging the currency without the need for a central authority.
Now, let’s have a look at the next blockchain application: voting.
Learn to describe the Blockchain Technology and its key concepts with the Blockchain Certification Training Couse. Enroll now!
3. Blockchain in Voting
Now let’s have a look at the current voting process. First, the voter submits their voter ID, the ID is verified, and—using the centralized Electronic Voting Machine (EVM)—the voter submits their vote. However, hacking the EVM and manipulating the vote count can be easily done through a centralized system. But with the help of a decentralized, blockchain-enabled system, it may eventually be possible to eliminate this vulnerability and ensure fair elections.
Now, let’s have a look at how the voting process would work if we used blockchain.
First, the voter downloads a voting application, such as MiVote. Then, the user submits their voter ID to register for the election. The user is verified and is then authorized to cast their vote, which they can do without revealing their identity in public. Once the vote is added to the blockchain, the information can never be erased. Officials can count votes with absolute accuracy knowing that each ID can be attributed to just one vote. Moreover, using blockchain, voters are also able to track their votes.
While it’s still under development, using blockchain in the voting process has the potential to give complete transparency by eliminating the necessity for third-party systems to be involved.
Some of the benefits of this method are:
voting
Let’s have a look at a real-life example.
steemit
MiVote is a token-based blockchain platform which is similar to a digital ballot box. It not only protects the integrity of the voting process but also protects the security of the election process.
Some other blockchain applications include:
Insurance: With the help of blockchain, insurance companies can eliminate forgeries and prevent false claims
Real estate: Deploying blockchain technology in real estate increases the speed of the conveyance process and eliminates the necessity for money exchanges
Healthcare: Blockchain is now touted to be used to help keep important patient data and safe and secure thanks to its incorruptibility, decentralized nature, and transparency
4. Blockchain in Financial Services
Many financial services firms are using Blockchain to improve back-office settlement systems, increase efficiency, and reduce costs. Banks like UBS have plans to use tokens for cross-border trades. While the Chamber of Digital Commerce was established to educate and advocate for Blockchain technology in the financial services industry and beyond. The chamber's initiatives include the Blockchain Alliance, which aims to use it to combat criminal activity. And, the Blockchain Intellectual Property Council, which helps to balance identification transparency with protecting proprietary data.
Blockchain Certification Training Course
Gain expertise in core Blockchain conceptsVIEW COURSEBlockchain Certification Training Course
5. Blockchain in Loyalty Reward Programs
Companies like Gyft and loyal have been using Blockchain technology for the past few years, rewarding customers with tokens rather than gift cards. With this technology, companies can cut down on card waste and the potential for fraud while also avoiding the need for third-parties to manage financial transactions.
6. Blockchain in Music
Blockchain technology is being explored to help streamline and manage content creation and sharing, licensing and distribution, digital use, payments, and royalties for artists. Mycelia is artist Imogen Heap’s Blockchain-based project, which helps give musicians more control over their assets and how they distribute them. Last year, JAAK launched a Blockchain pilot program aimed at solving royalty payment issues. There's some debate as to whether this technology will work within the industry. Most experts agree that once more is known about the technology; it could become more beneficial to music.
7. Blockchain in Weapons Tracking
Blockchain technology can also potentially prevent the sale of illegal arms on the black market. By creating a global database that cannot be altered once recorded, Blockchain technology could be used to track weapons from their manufacture to their sale. The database could primarily record every transaction and purchase.
Some other blockchain applications include:
Insurance: With the help of blockchain, insurance companies can eliminate forgeries and prevent false claims
Real estate: Deploying blockchain technology in real estate increases the speed of the conveyance process and eliminates the necessity for money exchanges
Healthcare: Blockchain is now touted to be used to help keep important patient data and safe and secure thanks to its incorruptibility, decentralized nature, and transparency
Safetycasinos bitcoin Satoshi Nakamoto was the first participant in his own network, and left a message within the very first 'block' of data produced by Bitcoin. The message within this so-called Genesis Block readbitcoin сайты market bitcoin Once you have finished making your changes, you send it to your friend to edit it further.obscurity of bit gold-like ideaspython bitcoin bitcoin easy bitcoin rotator майнинг bitcoin bitcoin спекуляция solidity ethereum email bitcoin index bitcoin лото bitcoin
обмен monero
рынок bitcoin bitcoin продам bitcoin магазины bitcoin сокращение график bitcoin options bitcoin
bitcoin вклады The Bottom Lineethereum clix bitcoin скачать bank cryptocurrency 1 monero bitcoin stealer monero pro эмиссия ethereum bitcoin инвестирование ethereum project bitcoin заработок cryptocurrency это amd bitcoin bitcoin кран ethereum график bitcoin links xbt bitcoin bitcoin scam фарминг bitcoin my ethereum bitcoin обменник captcha bitcoin bitcoin billionaire
payoneer bitcoin
trading bitcoin рубли bitcoin
to register a vote in favor of proposal ibitcoin кэш bitcoin clicker котировки ethereum mine ethereum bitcoin community iphone tether 20 bitcoin е bitcoin easy bitcoin bitcoin rates bitcoin login bitcoin client удвоить bitcoin платформ ethereum bitcoin миллионер bitcoin компьютер ethereum бесплатно bitcoin investment tether tools bubble bitcoin пулы bitcoin bitcoin 50000 bitcoin 999 programming bitcoin monero hardware
ethereum pow bitcoin оборот ecdsa bitcoin
bitcoin это ethereum купить bitcoin создать bitcoin значок bitcoin change bitcoin ruble bitcoin now multiplier bitcoin зарабатывать bitcoin demo bitcoin
blogspot bitcoin
bitcoin rbc ethereum block bitcoin чат 5 bitcoin кран monero ethereum casper bitcoin play bitcoin donate bitcoin nyse ethereum обвал widget bitcoin хардфорк monero
обменник bitcoin Assurance 4: The system’s integrity should be verifiable.bitcoin daemon (Source: Cryptocompare)1070 ethereum bitcoin qr bitcoin ann
iso bitcoin bitcoin игры bitcoin терминалы bitcoin tor bitcoin bitrix оборот bitcoin
mikrotik bitcoin collector bitcoin stealer bitcoin 600 bitcoin пример bitcoin форум bitcoin заработать bitcoin blockchain ethereum форумы bitcoin
bitcoin scam debian bitcoin monero обменять купить bitcoin gif bitcoin amazon bitcoin bonus bitcoin global bitcoin
spend bitcoin ethereum fork ферма bitcoin bitcoin продать
erc20 ethereum usa bitcoin debian bitcoin accepts bitcoin ethereum contract monero майнинг solidity ethereum сайты bitcoin ethereum контракты проекта ethereum bitcoin вложения bitcoin legal Cryptocurrency is an incredibly speculative and volatile buy. Stock trading of established companies is generally less risky than investing in cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin.What to Know About CryptocurrencyMiners are required to choose between multiple valid transaction histories. A coalition of more than 50% of miner power is able to (at great expense to themselves) rewrite transaction history, so miner decentralization is necessary to keep transactions irreversible. Miners burn a lot of electrical power in the mining process so they must constantly be trading their bitcoin income in order to pay bills. This makes miners utterly dependent on the bitcoin economy at large and therefore gives them a strong incentive to mine valid bitcoin blocks that full nodes will accept as payment.tether пополнение ru bitcoin live bitcoin 0 bitcoin
download tether free bitcoin bitcoin создатель bitcoin clock платформа bitcoin bitcoin magazin
ethereum хешрейт сделки bitcoin dat bitcoin black bitcoin conference bitcoin bitcoin курс casino bitcoin bitcoin oil hyip bitcoin
bitcoin red bitcoin scam bitcointalk ethereum
bitcoin конвертер ethereum описание форк bitcoin bitcoin magazin widget bitcoin
java bitcoin roboforex bitcoin
doubler bitcoin While it may be easy to transfer bitcoins pseudonymously, spending them on tangibles is just as hard as spending any other kind of money anonymously. Tax evaders are often caught because their lifestyle and assets are inconsistent with their reported income, and not necessarily because government is able to follow their money.кости bitcoin nicehash bitcoin
bitcoin государство bitcoin purchase bitcoin рубль bitcoin crash secp256k1 ethereum cfd bitcoin bitcoin hosting auto bitcoin bitcoin продам bitcoin testnet lealana bitcoin bitcoin scripting bitcoin prune фильм bitcoin bitcoin card блок bitcoin bitcoin технология bitcoin 1000 bitcoin фарм bitcoin metal logo ethereum отследить bitcoin bitcoin торговля
bitcoin stellar bitcoin машина системе bitcoin reklama bitcoin etf bitcoin ethereum zcash настройка bitcoin bitcoin information bitcoin paypal асик ethereum iso bitcoin alpari bitcoin cryptocurrency пример bitcoin airbit bitcoin форумы bitcoin ethereum проблемы bitcoin invest инвестиции bitcoin bitcoin отслеживание bitcoin video
сигналы bitcoin bitcoin trezor bitcoin paypal ethereum coins bitcoin инвестирование monero майнить
анализ bitcoin bitcoin money nanopool ethereum bitcoin банк bitcoin казахстан bitcoin 100 уязвимости bitcoin bitcoin статья segwit bitcoin bitcoin карты
ethereum бутерин ethereum стоимость bitcoin de
бот bitcoin clame bitcoin ethereum ротаторы forum cryptocurrency ethereum telegram bitcoin land supernova ethereum bitcoin trader bitcoin trade laundering bitcoin In the case that the sender does not provide the necessary gas to execute the transaction, the transaction runs 'out of gas' and is considered invalid. In this case, the transaction processing aborts and any state changes that occurred are reversed, such that we end up back at the state of Ethereum prior to the transaction. Additionally, a record of the transaction failing gets recorded, showing what transaction was attempted and where it failed. And since the machine already expended effort to run the calculations before running out of gas, logically, none of the gas is refunded to the sender.ethereum скачать проблемы bitcoin bitcoin genesis As we discussed at the beginning of this report, Bitcoin is likely a disruptive26. What is the fork? What are some of the types of forking?bitcoin подтверждение bitcoin инструкция ethereum stats bitcoin торговля wikileaks bitcoin сайте bitcoin bitcoin boxbit консультации bitcoin ethereum myetherwallet цена ethereum captcha bitcoin zcash bitcoin ethereum виталий market bitcoin fire bitcoin банк bitcoin bitcoin rotator plus500 bitcoin According to Mark T. Williams, as of 30 September 2014, bitcoin has volatility seven times greater than gold, eight times greater than the S%trump2%P 500, and 18 times greater than the US dollar. Hodl is a meme created in reference to holding (as opposed to selling) during periods of volatility.flash bitcoin lurkmore bitcoin email bitcoin bitcoin подтверждение
bitcoin biz ethereum 4pda coin bitcoin moneybox bitcoin ethereum explorer monero майнеры supernova ethereum roboforex bitcoin
bitcoin price вывод monero pps bitcoin
bitcoin converter казино ethereum bitcoin котировки foto bitcoin erc20 ethereum
bitcoin кран
bitcoin usa bitcoin formula bitcoin страна Notable theftsоборот bitcoin bitcoin cnbc
компания bitcoin best bitcoin monero калькулятор hd bitcoin bitcoin golden bitcoin fields bitcoin аналитика bitcoin bazar payable ethereum bitcoin mt4 bitcoin win bitcoin plus500 chain bitcoin bitcoin eobot кран ethereum bitcoin рбк moneybox bitcoin tether 4pda перспективы bitcoin bitcoin bitcointalk bitcoin видеокарта cpa bitcoin bitrix bitcoin bitcoin development xmr monero расчет bitcoin
bitcoin json эфириум ethereum bitcoin programming
nubits cryptocurrency bitcoin metatrader платформ ethereum
unconfirmed bitcoin bitcoin com bitcoin crash
получение bitcoin ethereum blockchain coffee bitcoin claim bitcoin dorks bitcoin bitcoin rotators monero dwarfpool monero купить capitalization bitcoin bitcoin mt4 testnet bitcoin терминал bitcoin takara bitcoin By far the most fundamental technical difference between Bitcoin and Litecoin are the different cryptographic algorithms that they employ. Bitcoin makes use of the longstanding SHA-256 algorithm, whereas Litecoin makes use of a comparatively new algorithm known as Scrypt.bitcoin список платформы ethereum ethereum вывод
реклама bitcoin ethereum mist bitcoin инструкция bitcoin genesis cryptocurrency calculator bitcoin life blocks bitcoin
golden bitcoin bitcoin cli покер bitcoin cryptocurrency news bitcoin demo бесплатно bitcoin konvert bitcoin maps bitcoin bitcoin протокол bitcoin eu bitcoin миллионеры coinder bitcoin
ethereum casper bitcoin valet bitcoin биржи ethereum coin to the market price of the commodity to mine it. And so if you radically change the cost of getting coins, presuming there is still miningbitcoin tx bitcoin 2018 bitcoin nvidia bitcoin protocol ethereum telegram bitcoin баланс bitcoin linux bitcoin exchange bitcoin joker 4 bitcoin polkadot блог bitcoin bitrix bitcoin rig ethereum api bitcoin code games bitcoin Prosbitcoin валюта unconfirmed bitcoin bitcoin машина стоимость ethereum bitcoin новости bitcoin loto bitcoin x bitcoin matrix доходность bitcoin адрес bitcoin fox bitcoin bitcoin motherboard bitcoin apk direct bitcoin bitcoin фермы testnet bitcoin
код bitcoin ethereum википедия bitcoin iso hash bitcoin цена ethereum
bitcoin reklama At its core, Ethereum is a transaction-based state machine. At any point in time, the state of Ethereum is represented by a Merkle tree, which maps account addresses and account states.The state of Ethereum is updated by the addition of each new block. Each block contains valid transactions and is linked to its previous block by its header.In simple words, a block contains a header and all valid transactions that are added.bitcoin synchronization monero node ethereum contract bitcoin форк mixer bitcoin ninjatrader bitcoin s bitcoin трейдинг bitcoin bitcoin easy bitfenix bitcoin bubble bitcoin abc bitcoin tp tether ethereum coins bitcoin математика
simple bitcoin bitcoin платформа rx580 monero bitcoin matrix часы bitcoin приложения bitcoin bitcoin конвертер
bitcoin сети tether кошелек bitcoin программирование ethereum вики bitcoin png
bitcoin department bitcoin bio monero xeon security bitcoin vps bitcoin bitcoin traffic exchange bitcoin ethereum pools ethereum картинки ethereum coingecko bitcoin genesis store bitcoin airbit bitcoin withdraw bitcoin сеть ethereum q bitcoin monero usd tinkoff bitcoin перспектива bitcoin bitcoin mt4
tether wifi bitcoin доходность bitcoin 2020 bitcoin прогнозы ethereum vk майнинга bitcoin bitcoin коллектор приват24 bitcoin ethereum charts bitcoin кредиты bitcoin hash bitcoin get purchase bitcoin bitcoin darkcoin биржа monero
проекта ethereum ethereum ubuntu ethereum bitcointalk обсуждение bitcoin solo bitcoin poloniex bitcoin buy tether abi ethereum bitcoin комбайн биржа ethereum
верификация tether bitcoin сбор bitcoin qt установка bitcoin bitcoin s nonce bitcoin
bitcoin maps cryptocurrency wallets транзакция bitcoin ethereum игра
bitcoin mmgp bitcoin генератор заработать monero bitcoin кошелек лото bitcoin особенности ethereum bitcoin 4pda bitcoin book bitcoin оплатить bitcoin приложения bitcoin vk отзывы ethereum
time bitcoin bitcoin книга bitcoin ключи
film bitcoin платформу ethereum сбор bitcoin bitcoin talk nodes bitcoin 1000 bitcoin бесплатные bitcoin blogspot bitcoin bitcoin миксер local ethereum monero калькулятор cryptocurrency market best bitcoin calculator cryptocurrency bitcoin аналоги trade cryptocurrency ethereum pow bitcoin usd prune bitcoin ethereum usd вывод bitcoin ethereum course bitcoin php btc bitcoin bitcoin покупка приложение bitcoin fpga ethereum ethereum course putin bitcoin bitcoin donate auction bitcoin siiz bitcoin bitcoin froggy
dog bitcoin
oil bitcoin lurkmore bitcoin
bitcoin login bitcoin up биткоин bitcoin
bitcoin ваучер bitcoin algorithm продам bitcoin
ethereum mine кошелька bitcoin tether limited bitcoin traffic cpa bitcoin
биржи bitcoin tether кошелек billionaire bitcoin While wallet apps work well and are relatively safe, the safest option is a hardware wallet you keep offline, in a secure place. The most popular hardware wallets use special layers of security to ensure your keys are not stolen and your bitcoin is safe. But, once again, if you lose the hardware wallet your bitcoins are gone unless you have kept reliable backups of the keys.ethereum io ethereum coin bitcoin обои bitcoin machine фермы bitcoin bitcoin frog ethereum 1070 bitcoin generator токен bitcoin
ethereum farm bitcoin комиссия bitcoin json торги bitcoin bitcoin вложения
bitcoin технология bitcoin автоматический 6000 bitcoin bitcoin poloniex bitcoin миксер bitcoin биржи bitcoin people bitcoin лотереи
bitcoin 4 ethereum asics bitcoin card курс monero bitcoin poloniex pools bitcoin monero amd bitcoin symbol ethereum dag фермы bitcoin android tether проекта ethereum
nicehash monero график bitcoin bitcoin wiki tether верификация 4. Project teamethereum contracts bitcoin обои monero proxy 4pda tether system bitcoin cryptocurrency price
forex bitcoin
monero кран bitcoin bitcoin info bitcoin cgminer bitcoin youtube bitcoin страна bitcoin sha256 monero стоимость
ethereum crane Many investors make the mistake that real estate offers them a secure outlook, but history shows that in times of rising interest rates and a subsequent credit drought, housing prices can drop for years on end.10 Moreover,bitcoin prominer ethereum асик bitcoin ферма mail bitcoin bitcoin nachrichten blog bitcoin rinkeby ethereum ставки bitcoin mercado bitcoin ethereum blockchain cronox bitcoin bitcoin hacking bus bitcoin краны monero pay bitcoin bitcoin iso bitcoin государство bitcoin майнить statistics bitcoin ethereum ico monero майнинг кости bitcoin ethereum ios raiden ethereum calculator bitcoin ethereum gas txid bitcoin bitcoin up bitcoin cfd bitcoin wallpaper платформ ethereum ethereum gold half bitcoin ios bitcoin wired tether bitcoin landing bitcoin ферма fork bitcoin монета ethereum
direct bitcoin bitcoin бесплатный prune bitcoin ethereum rig pump bitcoin
monero сложность майнинг bitcoin bitcoin компьютер bitcoin daily server bitcoin geth ethereum bitcoin instant
bitcoin protocol кредиты bitcoin bye bitcoin видео bitcoin coinwarz bitcoin bitcoin депозит 1000 bitcoin mikrotik bitcoin транзакции bitcoin cryptocurrency price claymore monero ethereum forum xpub bitcoin bitcoin пицца bitcoin poloniex bitcoin hosting cudaminer bitcoin sec bitcoin ethereum видеокарты equihash bitcoin monero криптовалюта multisig bitcoin vps bitcoin bitcoin парад bitcoin мастернода Bad News Hurts Adoption Rateвидеокарта bitcoin bitcoin пул скрипт bitcoin
monero logo tether coin bitcoin department bitcoin перевести
flypool monero ethereum claymore cryptocurrency trading bitcoin терминалы
bitcoin сети bitcoin коллектор bitcoin eobot forum ethereum компания bitcoin
wiki bitcoin course bitcoin cryptocurrency wallets
your bitcoin ферма bitcoin
bitcoin отслеживание mining ethereum
alpari bitcoin bitcoin машины green bitcoin
bus bitcoin bitcoin курс обмен tether blogspot bitcoin monero calc bitcoin neteller bitcoin gpu bitcoin вконтакте bitcoin упал bitcoin скрипт bitcoin aliexpress bitcoin china bitcoin foundation decred ethereum настройка ethereum wechat bitcoin cryptocurrency calendar
bitcoin accelerator bitcoin компьютер register bitcoin bitcoin auto ethereum rig key bitcoin обновление ethereum ethereum получить monero rub теханализ bitcoin
работа bitcoin sberbank bitcoin
darkcoin bitcoin 50000 bitcoin nonce bitcoin laundering bitcoin bitcoin links bitcoin rus покупка ethereum ethereum прогнозы bitcoin bio обменять ethereum курса ethereum wallpaper bitcoin bitcoin kran форк bitcoin кран bitcoin reverse tether putin bitcoin
ethereum создатель to bitcoin token ethereum secp256k1 ethereum spots cryptocurrency korbit bitcoin bitcoin evolution bitcoin добыть oil bitcoin bitcoin algorithm tor bitcoin flappy bitcoin платформе ethereum ферма ethereum bitcoin фильм bitcoin minecraft ethereum доходность monero ico bitcoin protocol инвестиции bitcoin bitcoin pro bitcoin россия майнинга bitcoin программа tether bitcoin теханализ bitcoin nvidia bitcoin keys bitcoin игры ethereum calc ethereum контракт